African Penguin

SCI Name:  Spheniscus demersus
Protonym:  Diomedea demersa Syst.Nat.ed.10 p.132
Taxonomy:  Sphenisciformes / Spheniscidae / Spheniscus
Taxonomy Code:  jacpen1
Type Locality:  Cape of Good Hope.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1758
IUCN Status:  Endangered

DEFINITIONS

SPHENISCUS
(Spheniscidae; Ϯ Jackass Penguin S. demersus) Dim. < Gr. σφην sphēn, σφηνος sphēnos wedge; "Genre du Manchot. (1)    Genus Sphenisci. (1)  ....  (1) Manchot, nom que j'ai donné aux Oiseaux de ce genre à cause de la briéveté de leurs ailes.  ...  (1) Spheniscus, nomen a me hujus generis Avibus inditum" (Brisson 1760): based on Diomedea demersa Linnaeus, 1758, and "Anser Magellanica", "Pinguin" or "Penguin" of various earlier authors; "Spheniscus Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 52; 6, p. 96. Type, by monotypy, "Manchot" et "Manchot tachété" = Diomedea demersa Linné." (Peters 1931, 1, 33). The Jackass Penguin, so-called from its braying cries, is sometimes known as African Penguin. 
Synon. Dypsicles, Hyponectes, Molinaea, Penguinus.  
● (syn. Fratercula Ϯ Atlantic Puffin F. arctica) "PAPPEGAAIDUIKER, in 't Latyn Spheniscus.*  De soorten van Duiker en Aarsvoet, by LINNÆUS, Syst. Nat. gesl. 51 & 52." (Moehring 1758).

demersa / demersus
L. demersus  plunging  < demergere  to sink.
● "67. PHAËTHON.  ...  demersus.  2. PH. alis impennibus, rostro mandibulis edentulis, digito postico distincto.  Penguin. Edw. av. 49. t. 49.  Habitat ad Tropicum capricorni.  Remigibus destituiter, adeoque volatus nescia avis." (Linnaeus 1758) (syn. Eudyptes chrysocome).
● "65. DIOMEDEA.  ...  demersa.  2. D. alis impennibus, pedibus tridactylis.  Penguin pedibus nigris. Edw. av. 94. t. 94.  Habitat ad Cap. b. Spei.  Statura Phaëthontis demersi, sed rostrum diversissimum." (Linnaeus 1758) (Spheniscus).