Ultramarine Grosbeak

SCI Name:  Cyanoloxia brissonii
Protonym:  Fringilla brissonii Verz.Doubl.Zool.Mus.Berlin p.22
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Cardinalidae / Cyanoloxia
Taxonomy Code:  ultgro1
Type Locality:  Bahia.
Author:  Lichtenstein, MHC
Publish Year:  1823
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

CYANOLOXIA
(Cardinalidae; † Glaucous-blue Grosbeak C. glaucocaerulea) Gr. κυανος kuanos  dark-blue; genus Loxia Linnaeus, 1758, crossbill; "*1030. Cyanoloxia, Bp. (Guiraca, p. Gr.)   America.   5.    1. LOXIA caerulea, L. (Fringilla caerulea, Bp. - Pyurrhula carolinensis caerulea, Br. - Guiraca hinc Coccoborus caeruleus, Sw.) Catesb. Carol. I. t. 39. - Wils. Am. Orn. t. 24. 6. - Aud. Am. t. 122. ex merid. Am. s.   ...   2. LOXIA cyanea, L. (L. caerulea, var. β. Gm. - Pyrrhula caerulea brasiliana, Br. - Fringilla brissoni, Licht. - Pitylus cyaneus, Lafr. - Pitylus cyaneus, et P. brissoni, Gr. sp. 5. et 6.) Br. Orn. III. t. 17. 2. - Edw. B. t. 125. Vieill. Ois. Chant. t. 64. - Azara 119. ex Am. m. Bras. Parag.   ...   3. COCCOBORUS cyanoides, Lafr. (Pitylus cyanoides, Gr.) Rev. Zool. 1847. p. 74. sp. 17. ex Panama.   ...   *4. FRINGILLA parellina, Licht. (Pitylus lazulus? Less. Rev. Zool. 1842. p. 174.) Mus. Berol. ex Mexico, Alvarado.  ...  5. PYRRHULA glauco-caerulea, Lafr. (Spermophila glauco-caerulea, Gr.) Orb. Voy. Am. m. t. 50. 2. ex Am. m. or. Maldonado." (Bonaparte 1850 (Consp. Avium)); "Nous y rattachons le nouveau genre Cyanoloxia, BP. dont le type Loxia caerulea, L., a été aussi considéré comme une Guiraca, mais à laquelle nous réunissons trois au quatre autres Pityliens bleus inextricablement confondus, et ballotés dans les genres Loxia, Fringilla, Guiraca, Coccoborus, Pyrrhula, et peut-être même Tanagra" (Bonaparte 1850 (Monog. Loxiens)); "The type of Cyanoloxia, by elimination, is Pyrrhula glauco-cærulea D'Orbigny." (Ridgway 1901); "425. gen. CYANOLOXIA Bp.  (Tipo, por eliminación: Phyrrula [sic] glaucocaerulea Orb.)" (Dabbene 1910); "Cyanoloxia Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, (2), p. 502, end of 1850— type, by present designation, Pyrrhula glauco-caerulea Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny.1  ...   1 The same species was indicated as "type by elimination" by Ridgway (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 1, p. 594, footnote, 1901) and Dabbene (Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 378, 1910)." (Hellmayr, 1938, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. XI, p. 105).
Var. Cyanoloxias.

brissonianus / brissonii
Mathurin Jacques Brisson (1723-1806) French ornithologist, whose variably binominal Ornithologie 1760, was much used by Linnaeus and the early authors (syn. Accipiter virgatus (ex “Accipiter minor” of Brisson 1760), syn. Calidris pusilla, Cyanoloxia (ex “Bouvreuil bleu du Brésil” of Brisson 1760, and “Loxia caerulea var. β” of J. Gmelin 1789), syn. Pelecanus onocrotalus, syn. Uria aalge, syn. Vanellus malabaricus (ex "Vanellus dominicensis armatus" of Brisson 1760)).

SUBSPECIES

Ultramarine Grosbeak (caucae)
SCI Name: Cyanoloxia brissonii caucae
caucae
Cauca, Colombia.

Ultramarine Grosbeak (minor)
SCI Name: Cyanoloxia brissonii minor
minor
L. minor  smaller  < comp. parvus  small. “Comparative names ... Specific names expressive of comparative size are also to be avoided, as they may be rendered inaccurate by the after-discovery of additional species. The names ... maximus, minor, minimus, etc. are examples of this objectionable practice” (Strickland Code 1842).
● ex “Short-eared Owl” of Pennant 1761 (syn. Asio flammeus).
● ex “Little Thrush” of Catesby 1731-1743, Edwards 1758-1764, Latham 1783, and Pennant 1785, “Turdus iliacus carolinensis” of Brisson 1760, and “Grivette de l’Amérique” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (syn. Catharus fuscescens).
● ex “Whip-poor-will” of Catesby 1731 (Chordeiles).
● ex “Coucou des palétuviers de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 813, “Petit Vieillard” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Mangrove Cuckow” of Latham 1782 (Coccyzus).
● "54. PICUS.  ...  minor.  12. P. albo nigroque varius vertice rubro, ano albido.  Picus albo nigroque varius, rectricibus tribus lateralibus seminigris. Fn. svec. 83. Hasselqv. iter. 242.  Picus varius tertius. Raj. av. 43.  Picus varius minor. Alb. av. I. p. 20. t. 20.  Habitat in Europa.” (Linnaeus 1758) (Dryobates).
● ex “Fregata minor” of Brisson 1760, “Petite Frégate” of de Buffon 1770-1783, “Man of War Bird” of Edwards 1760, and “Lesser Frigate Pelican” of Latham 1785 (Fregata).
● ex “Petit Indicateur” of Levaillant 1807, pl. 242 (Indicator).
● ex “Pie-grièsche d’Italie” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 32, fig. 1 (Lanius).
● ex “Perruche à ailes noires” of de Buffon 1770-1783, “Petite perruche de l’isle de Luçon, 4ème ésp.” of Sonnerat 1776, and “Luzonian Parrakeet” of Latham 1781 (syn. Loriculus philippensis).
● ex “Apiaster Philippensis minor” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Merops viridis americanus).
● ex “Little Woodcock” of Pennant 1785, and Latham 1785 (Microptera).
● ex “Troupiale de la Caroline” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 606, fig. 1, “Petit Troupiale noir” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Lesser black Oriole” of Latham 1782 (syn. Molothrus ater).
● ex “Lesser Bird of Paradise” of Latham 1783 (Paradisaea).
● ex “Barbican à ventre rose” of Levaillant 1806 (Pogonornis).
● ex “Porphyrio minor” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Porphyrula martinica).
● ex “Colymbus fluviatilis” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Tachybaptus ruficollis).
● ex “Huppe d’Afrique” of Audebert & Vieillot 1800-1802 (syn. Upupa africana).
● ex “Ringvia” of Brünnich 1764, and “Lesser Guillemot” of Pennant 1785 (syn. Uria aalge).

Ultramarine Grosbeak (brissonii)
SCI Name: Cyanoloxia brissonii brissonii
brissonianus / brissonii
Mathurin Jacques Brisson (1723-1806) French ornithologist, whose variably binominal Ornithologie 1760, was much used by Linnaeus and the early authors (syn. Accipiter virgatus (ex “Accipiter minor” of Brisson 1760), syn. Calidris pusilla, Cyanoloxia (ex “Bouvreuil bleu du Brésil” of Brisson 1760, and “Loxia caerulea var. β” of J. Gmelin 1789), syn. Pelecanus onocrotalus, syn. Uria aalge, syn. Vanellus malabaricus (ex "Vanellus dominicensis armatus" of Brisson 1760)).

Ultramarine Grosbeak (sterea)
SCI Name: Cyanoloxia brissonii sterea
sterea / stereus
Gr. στερεος stereos  firm, solid, standard.

Ultramarine Grosbeak (argentina)
SCI Name: Cyanoloxia brissonii argentina
argentina / argentinae / argentinus
● Mod. L. argentinus  of silver, silvery  < L. argentum, argenti  silver (cf. Roman myth. Argentinus, god of silver) (Columba).
● Mod. L. Argentinus  Argentinian, of Argentina (subsp. Batara cinerea, subsp. Chlorospingus flavopectus, subsp. Cyanoloxia brissonii, subsp. Empidonax euleri, Melanopareia, subsp. Muscisaxicola cinereus, subsp. Myiothlypis bivittata, subsp. Pitangus sulphuratus, syn. Thamnophilus ruficapillus cochabambae, syn. Xiphocolaptes albicollis, syn. Zonotrichia capensis hypoleuca).