Violet-backed Starling

SCI Name:  Cinnyricinclus leucogaster
Protonym:  Turdus leucogaster TablePlanchesEnlum. p.39
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Sturnidae / Cinnyricinclus
Taxonomy Code:  vibsta2
Type Locality:  No locality (Whidah, fide Gmelin, = Dahomey).
Author:  Boddaert
Publish Year:  1783
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

CINNYRICINCLUS
(Sturnidae; † Violet-backed Starling C. leucogaster) Genus Cinnyris Cuvier 1817, sunbird; Mod. L. cinclus  thrush  < Gr. κιγκλος kinklos  unidentified waterside bird; "G. CINNYRICINCLE, Cinnyricinclus, Less. — Turdus, L. Gm. — Anthreptes, Sw. — Lamprotornis, Sw.   1º C. leucogaster, Less. — Lamprotornis leucogaster, Sw., Birds w. Af., t. I, p. 252, pl. 8. — Merle de Juida, Buff., enl. 648, fig. 1. — Turdus leucogaster, Gm., I, 819; Vieill., Encycl., t. II, p. 676, esp. 151. — Hab. Sénégal et Guinée.   2º C. leucosoma, Less. — Cinnyris Longuemarei, Less., Ill. de Zool., pl. 23. — Anthreptes leucosoma, Sw., Birds w. Af., p. 146, pl. 17. — Hab. Sénégal.    3º C. melasoma, Less.  ...  Hab. Sénégal." (Lesson 1840); "Cinnyricinclus Lesson, 1840, Rev. Zool. [Paris], p. 272.  Type, by subsequent designation, Turdus leucogaster Gmelin, 1789 = Turdus leucogaster Boddaert, 1783 (Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds)." (Amadon in Peters, 1962, XV, p. 98).
Var. Cinniricinclus, Cinnyricincla, Cinnyricincle.
Synon. Calornis, Pholidauges.
• (Nectariniidae; syn. Anthreptes † Western Violet-backed Sunbird A. longuemarei) "Genus VIII.  ANTHOTHREPTES.   ...   Cinnyricinclus, Less. Rev. Zool. iii. p. 272 (1840) . . . . Type.  A. longuemarii." (Shelley, 1896, Birds of Africa, I, p. 6) (see Lamprothreptes).

leucogaster / leucogastra / leucogastris
Gr. λευκος leukos  white; γαστηρ gastēr, γαστρος gastros  belly.
● ex “Guainumbi sp. 1” of Marcgrave 1648, “Mellisuga cayanensis ventre albo” of Brisson 1760, “Oiseau-mouche à cravate dorée de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 672, fig. 3, “Cravate-dorée” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Gold-throated Humming-bird” of Latham 1782 (Agyrtria).
● (Boddaert 1783) ex “Merle violet à ventre blanc de Juida” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 648, fig. 1, and de Buffon 1770-1785 (Cinnyricinclus).
● (J. Gmelin 1789) ex “Merle violet à ventre blanc de Juida” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 648, fig. 1, and “Whidah Thrush” of Latham 1783 (syn. Cinnyricinclus leucogaster).
● ex “Drongri à Ventre Blanc” of Levaillant 1805, pl. 171 (syn. Dicrurus leucophaeus).
● ex "Héron bleuâtre à ventre blanc de Cayenne" of d'Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 350, and "Demi-Aigrette" of de Buffon 1770-1786 (syn. Egretta tricolor).
● ex "Jacamar à Ventre Blanc" of Levaillant 1807 (Galbula).
● ex “White-bellied Eagle” of Latham 1781 (Haliaeetus).
● ex “Malkoha” of Levaillant 1807, pl. 224 (syn. Phaenicophaeus pyrrhocephalus).
● ex “Geai à ventre jaune de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 249 (syn. Pitangus sulphuratus).
● ex “Fou de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 973 (Sula).

SUBSPECIES

Violet-backed Starling (leucogaster)
SCI Name: Cinnyricinclus leucogaster leucogaster
leucogaster / leucogastra / leucogastris
Gr. λευκος leukos  white; γαστηρ gastēr, γαστρος gastros  belly.
● ex “Guainumbi sp. 1” of Marcgrave 1648, “Mellisuga cayanensis ventre albo” of Brisson 1760, “Oiseau-mouche à cravate dorée de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 672, fig. 3, “Cravate-dorée” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Gold-throated Humming-bird” of Latham 1782 (Agyrtria).
● (Boddaert 1783) ex “Merle violet à ventre blanc de Juida” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 648, fig. 1, and de Buffon 1770-1785 (Cinnyricinclus).
● (J. Gmelin 1789) ex “Merle violet à ventre blanc de Juida” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 648, fig. 1, and “Whidah Thrush” of Latham 1783 (syn. Cinnyricinclus leucogaster).
● ex “Drongri à Ventre Blanc” of Levaillant 1805, pl. 171 (syn. Dicrurus leucophaeus).
● ex "Héron bleuâtre à ventre blanc de Cayenne" of d'Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 350, and "Demi-Aigrette" of de Buffon 1770-1786 (syn. Egretta tricolor).
● ex "Jacamar à Ventre Blanc" of Levaillant 1807 (Galbula).
● ex “White-bellied Eagle” of Latham 1781 (Haliaeetus).
● ex “Malkoha” of Levaillant 1807, pl. 224 (syn. Phaenicophaeus pyrrhocephalus).
● ex “Geai à ventre jaune de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 249 (syn. Pitangus sulphuratus).
● ex “Fou de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 973 (Sula).

Violet-backed Starling (verreauxi)
SCI Name: Cinnyricinclus leucogaster verreauxi
veroxii / verrauxi / verrauxii / verreauxi
● Jules Pierre Verreaux (1807-1873) and his brother Jean Baptiste Édouard Verreaux (1810-1868) French natural history dealers (syn. Anurolimnas castaneiceps, syn. Larus dominicanus).
● Jules Pierre Verreaux (1807-1873) French natural history dealer, collector (syn. Bubo lacteus, subsp. Cinnyricinclus leucogaster, Coua, subsp. Criniger calurus, syn. Cryptomicroeca flaviventris (ex Eopsaltria flavigastra J. Verreaux & des Murs, 1860), syn. Dryoscopus senegalensis, syn. Eupodotis caerulescens, Guttera, Leptotila, Rhipidura, Suthora (ex Suthora gularis J. Verreaux, 1871)).
● Jean Baptiste Édouard Verreaux (1810-1868) French natural history dealer (Cyanomitra). This eponym has been amended to verreauxi, verreauxii, and verroxii.
● see also verreauxii

Violet-backed Starling (arabicus)
SCI Name: Cinnyricinclus leucogaster arabicus
arabica / arabicus
L. Arabicus  Arabian  < Arabia  Arabia  < Gr. Aραβια Arabia  Arabia  < Aραψ Araps  Arab, Aραβες Arabes  Arabs.