Brown Dipper

SCI Name:  Cinclus pallasii
Protonym:  Cinclus Pallasii Man.Orn.[Temminck].ed.2 ed.2, 1 p.177
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Cinclidae / Cinclus
Taxonomy Code:  brodip1
Type Locality:  Crimea = Eastern Siberia fide Hartert, 1910.
Author:  Temminck
Publish Year:  1820
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

CINCLUS
(Cinclidae; † White-throated Dipper C. cinclus) Specific name Sturnus cinclus Linnaeus, 1758; the dippers are a small, distinctive group of passerines adapted to swimming and hunting under water; "XXIII. Gattung, Wasseramsel, Cinclus.    ...   128) Cinclus hydrophilus, die gemeine Wasseramsel, schwarz mit weißer Brust.  Linn. p. 803. nr. 5.  Faun. suec. nr. 214. Sturnus Cinclus.  Bechsteins Nat. Gesch. Deutschl. IV. S. 167.  Der Wasserstaar.  Göze Fauna V. I. S. 67. Wasserstaar.  Scopoli Ann. I. nr. 223. Motacilla Cinclus.  Lathams Uebers. III. S. 45. nr. 50. Wasseramsel (unter den Drosseln).   ...   Aber nirgends steht er am rechten Art, und nur in einer eigenen Gattung, wozu der Bau seines Körpers und Schnabels hinlängliche Kennzeichen darbieten, kann er eine angemessene Stelle finden." (Borkhausen 1797); "Wassenschwätzer. Cinclus   ...   Der Gestalt nach unter die Singvögel gehörig, der Nahrung und Lebensart nach aber sich den Sumpfvögeln und zwar den Strandläufen nähernd. Nähren sich von Wasserinsekten und nisten in Uferlöchern   ...   Sturnus Cinclus. Linn." (Bechstein 1802); "Cinclus Borkhausen, 1797, Deutsche Fauna, 1, p. 300.  Type, by monotypy, Cinclus hydrophilus Borkhausen = Sturnus cinclus Linnaeus." (Greenway in Peters, 1960, IX, p. 374).
Var. Cinches.
Synon. Accentor, Aquatilis, Hydrichla, Hydrobata.
• (Scolopacidae; syn. Arenaria † Ruddy Turnstone A. interpres) Gr. κιγκλος kinklos  unidentified waterside bird; "CINCLUS, Mœhr. (1752).  Strepsilas, Ill. (1811).  Arenaria, Briss. (1760).  Morinella, Meyer (1810).  Tringa, L.    C. morinellus, (L.) G. R. Gray. Pl. enl. 856.  S. interpres, Ill.  S. collaris, Temm." (G. Gray 1841); "Cinclus "Moehring" (not of Borkhausen, 1797, nor of Bechstein, 1802) Gray, List Gen. Subgen. Bds., 2nd ed., p. 85, 1841—type, by orig. desig., Tringa morinella Linnaeus [= Tringa interpres Linnaeus]." (Hellmayr and Conover, 1948, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. I (3), p. 134); Gray has opened Pandora's box here; Moehring's "Cinclus", in so far as it is identifiable at all, is most probably the Dunlin, and certainly not the Turnstone.
• (Scolopacidae; syn. Calidris † Dunlin C. alpina) "HALVE SNEP, LOOPERTJE, in 't Lat. Cinclus.* [RAY. Syn. Av. p. 110]" (Moehring 1758); "L'ALOUETTE-DE-MER.  ... CINCLUS" (Brisson 1760): ex "Cinclus" of Gessner 1555, "Schoeniclus" of Aldrovandus 1599-1603, "Junco" of Charleton 1668, "Ox-eye" of Ray 1713, and other references. The "Ox-eye" of Ray is certainly the Dunlin.  Although historically Tringa Cinclus has been used for a variety of waders, Cinclus Bechstein, 1804: "Steinpicker  ...  Tringa Cinclus, alpina, islandica u.a.", also represents the Dunlin (OD per Björn Bergenholtz).
• (syn. ?) Rafinesque's first use of this name; perhaps a lapsus for Coloeus; "Sous-famille. CORACINIA. Coraces. Bec comprimé.  G. 1. Coracias L.   2. Becardia R.   3. Gonotrimphus R.   4. Paradisea L.    5. Nemoderus R. L.   6. Caryocactes R.   7. Cinclus R.   8. Corvus L.   9. Kinkus R.   10. Corbivus R." (Rafinesque 1815).
• (syn. ?) Rafinesque's second use of this name; "2. Sous-famille. STURNIDIA. Les Sturniens. Bec allongé, non comprimé.   20. Glaucopis L.   21. Buphaga L.   22. Oriolus L.   23. Sturnus L. Quiscalis R.   24. Calleas R.   25. Icterus Daud.   26. Cacicus Daud.   27. Xanthornus R.   28. Cinclus R." (Rafinesque 1815).

cinclus
Gr. κιγκλος kinklos  small tail-wagging waterside bird mentioned by Aristotle, Aristophanes, Aelianus and other authors, perhaps a wagtail or a sandpiper, but never properly identified. Variously treated by later authors as a wagtail, sandpiper, dipper, thrush or ouzel. In ornithology cinclus is associated with a great variety of unrelated thrush-like birds (e.g., the water ouzel or dipper), but rarely with the true thrushes.
● (syn. Actitis hypoleucos).
● (syn. Arenaria interpres).
● ex “Cinclus” of Gessner 1555, Aldrovandus 1599-1603, and Ray 1713, and “Tringa Cinclus” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Calidris alpina).
● "94. STURNUS.  ...  Cinclus.  4. S. niger, pectore albo.  Motacilla pectore albo, corpore nigro. Fn. svec. 216.  Merula aquatica. Gesn. av. 609. Aldr. orn. l. 20. c. 54. Will. orn. 104. t. 24. Raj. av. 66. n. 7. Alb. av. 2. p. 36. t. 39.  Habitat in Europa ad aquas: Hyeme ad cataractas, fontesque non congelandos, ubi descendit per voragines voratura Oniscos aquaticos Insectaque alia: emergitque non palmipes, hyeme solitaria, æstate plerumque gemina versatur. Mere insectivora nec granivora, naribus laminula fere clausis distincta a Motacillis." (Linnaeus 1758) (Cinclus).

pallasii
Petrus Simon Pallas (1741–1811), widely known as Peter Simon Pallas, German naturalist in the Russian service, explorer in Siberia and Kirghizia (syn. Alcedo atthis, syn. Aquila nipalensis orientalis, syn. Catharus guttatus, Cinclus, syn. Glareola nordmanni, syn. Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus, syn. Haliaeetus leucoryphus, syn. Phylloscopus proregulus, syn. Surnia ulula, syn. Syrrhaptes paradoxus, syn. Tarsiger cyane) (see pallasi).

SUBSPECIES

Brown Dipper (tenuirostris)
SCI Name: Cinclus pallasii tenuirostris
tenuirostra / tenuirostre / tenuirostris
L. tenuis, tenue  slender; -rostris  -billed  < rostrum  beak.

Brown Dipper (dorjei)
SCI Name: Cinclus pallasii dorjei
dorjei
Rai Bahadur Raja Sonam Tobgay Dorji (1896-1953) Bhutanese statesman, Agent for Foreign Relations, Governor of Ha, and Deputy Minister (subsp. Cinclus pallasii).

Brown Dipper (pallasii)
SCI Name: Cinclus pallasii pallasii
pallasii
Petrus Simon Pallas (1741–1811), widely known as Peter Simon Pallas, German naturalist in the Russian service, explorer in Siberia and Kirghizia (syn. Alcedo atthis, syn. Aquila nipalensis orientalis, syn. Catharus guttatus, Cinclus, syn. Glareola nordmanni, syn. Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus, syn. Haliaeetus leucoryphus, syn. Phylloscopus proregulus, syn. Surnia ulula, syn. Syrrhaptes paradoxus, syn. Tarsiger cyane) (see pallasi).