Gadwall

SCI Name:  Mareca strepera
Protonym:  Anas strepera Syst.Nat.ed.10 p.125
Taxonomy:  Anseriformes / Anatidae / Mareca
Taxonomy Code:  gadwal
Type Locality:  Europe; restricted to Sweden by Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica, ed. 2, p. 43.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1758
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

MARECA
(Anatidae; Ϯ Eurasian Wigeon M. penelope) Brazilian Portuguese name Marréco (or Mareca according to Marcgrave 1648) for the smaller kinds of duck (cf. Roman myth. Marica, a river- or water-nymph); "MARECA.  WIGEON.   Generic Character.  Rostrum breve, basi inerme, subcylindricum, sublineare, apice ungue parvo instructo; mandibulæ lateribus  dentato-subserratis.  Nares parvæ, basales, ovales. Cauda brevis, acuta, rectricibus plerumque quatuor-decim ornatis.  ...  PENELOPE Antiquorum.  THE Wigeons have the beak rather broader and less elevated at the base than the Teals: it is also shorter than in the last-mentioned: in other respects the two genera are similar, but the individuals comprised in the present are usually much larger than the Teals, which are amongst the smallest of the Anatidæ. Wigeons have a peculiar whistling note, unlike that of any other Duck. The name Penelope having been used, by Linné, for another genus, I have adopted the appellation given to some of the species by the illustrious Ray.   COMMON WIGEON. (Mareca fistularis.)  ...  BLACK-TAILED WIGEON. (Mareca melanura.)  ...  SPOTTED-BILLED WIGEON. (Mareca pæcilorhyncha.)  ...  AMERICAN WIGEON. (Mareca Americana.)  ...  ILATHERA WIGEON. (Mareca Bahamensis.)  ...  MARECA WIGEON. (Mareca Brasiliensis.)  ...  CAPE WIGEON. (Mareca Capensis.)  ...  BIMACULATED WIGEON? (Mareca? glocitans.)" (Stephens 1824); "Mareca Stephens, in Shaw, Gen. Zoöl., 12, pt. 2, 1824, p. 130. Type, by subsequent designation, Mareca fistularis Stephens = Anas penelope Linné. (Eyton, Monogr. Anat., 1838, p. 33.)" (Peters 1931, I, 167).
Var. Marica, Marcia.
Synon. Anatra, Chaulelasmus, Chauliodus, Eunetta, Ktinorhynchus, Penelops.

mareca
Brazilian Portuguese name Marréco (or Mareca according to Marcgrave 1648) for the smaller kinds of duck.
● ex “Mareca alia species” of Marcgrave 1648 (syn. Amazonetta brasiliensis).

STREPERA
(Artamidae; Ϯ Pied Currawong S. graculina) Specific name Coracias strepera Latham 1790; "IV.^e Sous-genre. RÉVEILLEUR; Strepera; Coracias, Lath.   Bec long, robuste, conique, égal, presque droit, peu convexe, à arête épaisse et renflée; narines en fente longitudinale, ouverte; quelques soies à la commissure; ailes courtes; queue longue, arrondie; tarses assez minces, alongés, scutellés.   Observ. Ce sous-genre établit le passage le plus naturel des corbeaux aux cassicans, barita.  Une seule espèce appartient à ce sous-genre, c'est le coracias strepera, Lath.  ...  Habite la Nouvelle-Hollande et l'île Norfolk." (Lesson 1831); "Strepera Lesson, 1830 or 1831, Traité Orn., livr. 5, p. 329. Type, by tautonymy, Coracias strepera Latham = Corvus graculinus J. White." (Amadon in Peters 1962, XV, 170).
Synon. Coronica, Neostrepera.

strepera / streperus
Late L. streperus  noisy  < L. strepere  to make a loud noise.
● "61. ANAS.  ...  strepera.  18. A. macula alarum rufa nigra alba. Fn. svec. 101.  Anas strepera. Gesn. av. 121.  Anas platyrhynchos, rostro nigro & plano. Aldr. orn. l. 19. c. 32. Raj. av. 145.  The godwall or gray. Will. orn. 287. t. 72.  Habitat in Europæ aquis dulcibus." (Linnaeus 1758) (Mareca).
● "GENUS XIV.  CORACIAS.   ...   21. strepera.  ...  HABITAT in insula Norfolk maris pacifici; numerosissima; magnitudine vix C. Corone cedens.—19 pollices longa.—Stolida et incauta avis, noctu pervigilans; quo tempore inquieta et strepera, aliis somnum abrumpit." (Latham 1790); the “Noisy Roller” of Latham 1802 (syn. Strepera graculina).

SUBSPECIES

Gadwall (Common)
SCI Name: Mareca strepera strepera
STREPERA
(Artamidae; Ϯ Pied Currawong S. graculina) Specific name Coracias strepera Latham 1790; "IV.^e Sous-genre. RÉVEILLEUR; Strepera; Coracias, Lath.   Bec long, robuste, conique, égal, presque droit, peu convexe, à arête épaisse et renflée; narines en fente longitudinale, ouverte; quelques soies à la commissure; ailes courtes; queue longue, arrondie; tarses assez minces, alongés, scutellés.   Observ. Ce sous-genre établit le passage le plus naturel des corbeaux aux cassicans, barita.  Une seule espèce appartient à ce sous-genre, c'est le coracias strepera, Lath.  ...  Habite la Nouvelle-Hollande et l'île Norfolk." (Lesson 1831); "Strepera Lesson, 1830 or 1831, Traité Orn., livr. 5, p. 329. Type, by tautonymy, Coracias strepera Latham = Corvus graculinus J. White." (Amadon in Peters 1962, XV, 170).
Synon. Coronica, Neostrepera.

Gadwall (Coues's)
SCI Name: Mareca strepera couesi
couesi
Capt. Dr Elliott Coues (1842-1899) US Army surgeon 1863-1881, Professor of Anatomy, Columbian University 1882-1887, ornithologist, collector, spiritualist (subsp. Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus, subsp. Calidris ptilocnemis, syn. Garrodia nereis, ‡subsp. Mareca strepera, syn. Puffinus opisthomelas).