Speckled Pigeon

SCI Name:  Columba guinea
Protonym:  Columba guinea Syst.Nat.ed.10 p.163
Taxonomy:  Columbiformes / Columbidae / Columba
Taxonomy Code:  spepig1
Type Locality:  Africa = inland parts of Guinea, ex Edwards, pi. 75.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1758
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

COLUMBA
(Columbidae; Ϯ Stock Dove C. oenas) L. columba  pigeon; "92. COLUMBA.  Rostrum rectum, versus apicem descendens.  Nares oblongæ, membrana molli tumida semitectæ.  Lingua integra.  ... Columbas ad Passeres nec ad Gallinas pertinere, docet monogamia, osculatio, incubatus alternus, nutritio pulli, Ova pauca, nidificatio, locus in altis." (Linnaeus 1758); "Columba Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 162. Type, by subsequent designation, Columba oenas Linné. (Vigors, 1825.)" (Peters, 1937, III, p. 56). Linnaeus's Columba comprised twenty-two species (C. Oenas, C. gutturosa, C. cucullata, C. Turbita, C. tremula, C. tabellaria, C. montana, C. asiatica, C. guinea, C. hispanica, C. Palumbus, C. cyanocephala, C. leucocephala, C. leucoptera, C. nicobarica, C. macroura, C. sinica, C. indica, C. hispida, C. Turtur, C. risoria, C. passerina).
Var. Culumba, Collumba, Columbus, Colomba, Columra, Coulmba.
Synon. Alsocomus, Amauroenas, Coelotreron, Dendrotreron, Dialiptila, Janthoenas, Leucoenas, Leucomeloena, Leucotaenia, Lithoenas, Livia, Palumbis, Palumboena, Palumbus, Peleioenas, Raperia, Stictoenas, Sylvicola, Taenioenas, Trocaza, Tryzusa, Turturoena.

columba
● Icelandic Klumba auk; “Columba groenlandica Auctorum” (Pallas 1811) (“The Greenland Dove or Sea-Turtle; Columba Groenlandica” described by Ray 1713, is the Black Guillemot C. grylle; “Why they call it a Dove or Turtle I cannot certainly tell. It is indeed about the bigness of a Turtle, and lays (they say) two Eggs at once like them, and possibly there may be some agreement in their voice or note”) (Cepphus).
● L. columba  pigeon; "Fulmarus glacialis columba, subsp. nov.  PIGEON FULMAR.  ...  General plumage white.  Mantle pearly gray, rather darker than light phase of glupischa in my collection." (Anthony 1895) (syn. Fulmarus glacialis rodgersii).

Colymbus
Gr. κολυμβις kolumbis, κολυμβιδος kolumbidos  unknown water-bird, probably a grebe.
• (Gaviidae; syn. Gavia † Black-throated Diver G. arctica) "68. COLYMBUS.  Rostrum edentulum, subulatum, rectum, acuminatum.  Pedes pone æquilibrium. ...  Colymbi nequeunt incedere, et citissime super aquam currunt, & egregie urinantor." (Linnaeus 1758). “The question of the type of this Linnean genus is a serious one, and has caused a considerable discrepancy between the British and the American current nomenclature. In this country Colymbus is almost universally used for the Loons or Divers, in America for the Grebes [cf. "COLYMBUS, rostrum subulatum lateribus compressiusculum. Pedes lobati, Tibiæ postice carinato-serratæ" (J. R. Forster 1788)]. Linnaeus’ original genus contains four species - arcticus (Black-throated Diver), cristatus (Great Crested Grebe), auritus (Slavonian Grebe), and podiceps (American Pied-billed Grebe). Linnaeus does not designate any type, nor does an examination of his descriptions and synonymy throw any light on his intentions. The American argument is that Brisson in 1760 used Colymbus for the Grebes and Mergus for the Loons, and is thus the first reviser of the genus; but, in the first place, Brisson was not a binomialist, nor did he recognise or quote from Linnaeus’ work. He adopted the genus Colymbus from Moehring, not from Linnaeus, and in no sense can he be called a reviser of Linnaeus. On the other hand, Latham (Gen. Synopsis, Suppl. i. 1787, pp. 294, 295) very definitely adopted Linnaeus’ genus Colymbus for the Divers, and proposed Podiceps for the Grebes. A reference to the British Mus. Catalogue will show that up to 1882, when Stejneger (Proc. U.S. National Mus. v. 1882, p. 42) proposed to use Urinator for the Divers, the genus Colymbus had been almost universally applied to these birds. The Committee hope that the Check-List Committee of the A.O.U. will see their way to return to the older and, as they believe, to the correct usage of the genus Colymbus in the near future.” (BOU 1915). “Hope springs eternal in the human breast,” Colymbus Linnaeus, 1758, was suppressed by the ICZN in 1956 (see Gavia and Podiceps).
Var. Colymbas (Gr. myth. Colymbas was one of the Pierides, who, having failed to best the Muses in a singing contest, was transformed into a waterbird), Columbus, Colimbus.
• (Podicipedidae; syn. Podiceps † Great Crested Grebe P. cristatus) "Colymbus, Brisson, Ornith. vol. i. p. 50, vol. vi. p. 33, 1760.  Type (by tautonymy and subsequent designation, Reichenbach, Nat. Syst. Vög. p. iii, 1852 (1853): Columbus cristatus Brisson = C. cristatus L." (Mathews, 1927, Syst. Av. Austral. I, p. 103) (see above).

guinea / guineae / guineensis
Guinea, West Africa  < Med. Portuguese name Guiné for the tropical West African lands south of the Senegal River occupied by negroes  < Berber word Ghinawen  negroes.  The name came to refer to the old Grain Coast, Gold Coast, Slave Coast, Benin, Calabar and the Camarones, roughly equivalent to the modern area from Guinea-Bissau to Cameroun.
● TL. Guinea coast; ex “Petite Perruche de Guinée” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 60 (syn. Agapornis pullarius).
● TL. Kintampo, Ashanti Province, Gold Coast (Cisticola).
● TL. Inland parts of Guinea, Africa; ex “Columba maculis triquetris.Triangular-spotted Pigeon” of Edwards 1747 (Columba).
● TL. Nanna Kru, Liberia (subsp. Cyanomitra olivacea).
● Erroneous TL. New Guinea (= Guinea coast, Africa); ex “Pic cardinal de l’isle de Luçon” of Sonnerat 1776 (syn. Dendropicos fuscescens).
● TL. Gunnal, Portuguese Guinea (syn. Fraseria cinerascens).
● TL. Mimika River, New Guinea (see novaeguineae) (syn. Gerygone chrysogaster).
● TL. Volta River, Gold Coast (Melaniparus).
● TL. Portuguese Guinea to the Niger (subsp. Phoeniculus purpureus).
● TL. Loko, Benue River, Nigeria (subsp. Sternula albifrons).

SUBSPECIES

Speckled Pigeon (guinea)
SCI Name: Columba guinea guinea
guinea / guineae / guineensis
Guinea, West Africa  < Med. Portuguese name Guiné for the tropical West African lands south of the Senegal River occupied by negroes  < Berber word Ghinawen  negroes.  The name came to refer to the old Grain Coast, Gold Coast, Slave Coast, Benin, Calabar and the Camarones, roughly equivalent to the modern area from Guinea-Bissau to Cameroun.
● TL. Guinea coast; ex “Petite Perruche de Guinée” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 60 (syn. Agapornis pullarius).
● TL. Kintampo, Ashanti Province, Gold Coast (Cisticola).
● TL. Inland parts of Guinea, Africa; ex “Columba maculis triquetris.Triangular-spotted Pigeon” of Edwards 1747 (Columba).
● TL. Nanna Kru, Liberia (subsp. Cyanomitra olivacea).
● Erroneous TL. New Guinea (= Guinea coast, Africa); ex “Pic cardinal de l’isle de Luçon” of Sonnerat 1776 (syn. Dendropicos fuscescens).
● TL. Gunnal, Portuguese Guinea (syn. Fraseria cinerascens).
● TL. Mimika River, New Guinea (see novaeguineae) (syn. Gerygone chrysogaster).
● TL. Volta River, Gold Coast (Melaniparus).
● TL. Portuguese Guinea to the Niger (subsp. Phoeniculus purpureus).
● TL. Loko, Benue River, Nigeria (subsp. Sternula albifrons).

Speckled Pigeon (phaeonota)
SCI Name: Columba guinea phaeonota
phaeonota / phaeonotus
Gr. φαιος phaios  dusky, brown; -νωτος -nōtos  -backed  < νωτον nōton  back.