Crimson-hooded Manakin

SCI Name:  Pipra aureola
Protonym:  [Parus] Aureola Syst.Nat.ed.10 p.191
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Pipridae / Pipra
Taxonomy Code:  crhman1
Type Locality:  some part of South America, near the equinoctial line; Surinam proposed by Hellmayr, 1906, Ibis, p. 6.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1758
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

PIPRA
(Pipridae; Ϯ Crimson-hooded Manakin P. aureola) Specific name Parus Pipra Linnaeus, 1758  <  Gr. πιπρα pipra (also πιπρω piprō, πιπρως piprōs and πιπων pipōn) small bird mentioned by Aristotle and other authors, never properly identified, and formerly falsely linked with πιπω pipō woodpecker. Its association with the colourful Neotropical manakins seems to be arbitrary; "Manakin  ...  Pipra of Linnaeus  ...  a πιπρα, a certain bird, mentioned by Aristotle" (Pennant 1773); "Pipira:— N[ome]. commum a diversas aves da Fam. Tanagridae" (Garcia 1929) (the absence of an etymology indicates that this is a Brazilian Portuguese name, perhaps from an unknown indigenous source); “the name pipira is used indiscriminately for manakins and thraupines in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru” (Sick 1993); "PIPRA·   Aureola.  PIPRA nigra, capite pectoreque coccineis, remigibus antrorsum macula alba.  Syst. Nat. 10. p. 191. n. 11.  Pet. gaz. t. 46. f. 10.  Seb. thes. I. p. 96. t. 60. f. 8. Avicula mexicana de chichiltototh altera.   CORPUS magnitudine Hirundinis, sed brevius, crassius.  ATRA: Dorsum, Alæ, Cauda.  COCCINEA: Caput, Collum, Pectus, Rostrum, sed versus basin magis flavescens.  REMIGES a latere interiore, in medio, macula alba notatæ.  RECTRICES æquales, immaculatæ, nigræ.  ROSTRUM nigrum, breve, compressum & fere cultratum, basi tectum.  Nares patulæ.  UNGUES acuti, curvi.  Differt a Corvo rostri basi non setis tecta; a Monedula ore non vibrissato.     leucocephala.  PIPRA nigra, capite albo.  Seb. thes. 2. t. 896. f. 5.  Statura Motacillæ, sed Rostrum paulo validius.  CORPUS totum nigrum.  CAPUT totum album.  Vibrissæ ad os validiores quam in congeneribus.     leucocilla.  PIPRA atra, capite supra albo.  CORPUS totum atrum, magnitudine Pari vulgaris.  CAPUT totum tectum supra albis pennis, longioribus quam pro statura.  ROSTRUM brevius, crassius, trigonum, maxilla superiore modice incurvata, ergo propius Pipris quam Tanagris.     minuta.  PIPRA grisea, capite nigro albo-punctato.  CORPUS magnitudine Reguli.  DORSUM & ALÆ supra griseæ.  PECTUS flavescens lineis transversis nigris.  CAPUT nigrum, adspersum punctis albis rotundis, in singula penna singulis.  Mas antice capite lineis carneis, postice punctis albis.  CAUDA fusca, lateribus pallida." (Linnaeus 1764); "Pipra Linnaeus, 1764, Mus. Adolphi Friderici, 2, Prodr., p. 32. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray 1840,  List Gen. Birds, p. 33), Parus aureola Linnaeus." (Snow in Peters 1979, VIII, 269).
Var. Pypra, Pigra.
Synon. Cirrhipipra, Teleonema.

pipra
● Gr. πιπρα pipra small bird, never properly identified, but here regarded as a spotted woodpecker (syn. Dendrocopos major kamtschaticus, syn. Dryobates minor kamtschatkensis).
● Genus Pipra Linnaeus, 1764, manakin. Lesson 1831, gave the name "Pardalote Manakin" to the Buff-throated Purpletuft, believing its generic characters to be intermediate between the pardalotes Pardalotus and the manakins (Iodopleura) (see Iodopleura).
● Gr. πιπρα pipra  small bird, never properly identified, mentioned by Aristotle and other authors; "100. PARUS.  ...  Pipra.  9. P. ater, capite supra albo. Mus. Ad. Fr. 2. p.  Avicula toto corpore nigra, cum vitta alba. Seb. mus. 2. p. 102. t. 96. f. 5.  Habitat in Indiis.  Statura Motacillæ, similis sequenti, sed rostrum paulo validius. Corpus totum nigrum. Caput totum album. Vibrissæ ad os, validiores quam in congeneribus." (Linnaeus 1758) (Pseudopipra).

aureola
L. aureolus  golden, brilliant  < aurum  gold (cf. Med. L. aureola   golden crown).
● ex “Avicula surinamensis nigra, capite e luteo coccineo” of Petiver 1702-1709, “Avicula mexicana de Chichil totolh altera” of Seba 1734-1765, “Parus niger & fulvus” of Edwards 1747, and “Parus niger, capite pectoreque coccineis, remigibus antrorsum macula alba” of Linnaeus 1764 (Pipra).

SUBSPECIES

Crimson-hooded Manakin (aureola)
SCI Name: Pipra aureola aureola
aureola
L. aureolus  golden, brilliant  < aurum  gold (cf. Med. L. aureola   golden crown).
● ex “Avicula surinamensis nigra, capite e luteo coccineo” of Petiver 1702-1709, “Avicula mexicana de Chichil totolh altera” of Seba 1734-1765, “Parus niger & fulvus” of Edwards 1747, and “Parus niger, capite pectoreque coccineis, remigibus antrorsum macula alba” of Linnaeus 1764 (Pipra).

Crimson-hooded Manakin (aurantiicollis)
SCI Name: Pipra aureola aurantiicollis
aurantiicollis
Late Med. L. aurantius  orange-coloured  < aurantia  orange; Mod. L. -collis  -necked, -throated  < L. collum  neck.

Crimson-hooded Manakin (flavicollis)
SCI Name: Pipra aureola flavicollis
flavicolle / flavicollis / flavicollo
L. flavus  golden-yellow; Mod. L. -collis  -necked, -throated  < L. collum  neck.
● ex “Yellow-throated Creeper” of Catesby 1731, “Parus carolinensis” of Brisson 1760, “Mésange grise à gorge jaune” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Yellow-throated Warbler” of Latham 1783, and Pennant 1785 (syn. Dendroica dominica).
● ex “Yellow-necked Heron” of Latham 1787 (Ixobrychus).
● ex “Black-throated Bunting” of Pennant 1785 (syn. Spiza americana).
● ex “Yellow-necked Fly-catcher” of Latham 1783 (unident.).

Crimson-hooded Manakin (borbae)
SCI Name: Pipra aureola borbae
borbae
Borba, Rio Madeira, Brazil.