Oriole Blackbird

SCI Name:  Gymnomystax mexicanus
Protonym:  O.[riolus] mexicanus Syst.Nat.ed.12 ed.12 p.162
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Icteridae / Gymnomystax
Taxonomy Code:  oribla1
Type Locality:  Mexico [error; Cayenne substituted by Berlepsch and Hartert, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 32].
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1766
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

GYMNOMYSTAX
(Icteridae; † Oriole Blackbird G. mexicanus) Gr. γυμνος gumnos  bare, naked; μυσταξ mustax, μυστακος mustakos  moustache  < μασταξ mastax, μαστακος mastakos  jaws, mouth  < μασαομαι masaomai  to chew. Reichenbach's 1850, plate LXXIII, labelled Sturninae: Quiscalinae et Xanthorninae, shows the bare patches on the face of the Oriole Blackbird; "There are two blackish bare patches of skin on the face, one surrounding the eyes and the lores and the other along the malar line" (Jaramillo & Burke 1999); "Gymnomystax Reichenbach, 1850, Avium Systema Naturale, pl. LXXIII.  Type, by subsequent designation (Cabanis, 1853, Museum Heineanum, I, p. 189), Gymnomystax melanicterus Cabanis, 1853 = Agelaius melanicterus Vieillot, 1819 = Oriolus mexicanus Linnaeus, 1766." (JAJ 2021). 

mexicanum / mexicanus
Mexico (probably named after Mexihtli, another name for Huitzilopochtli the Aztec god of war). This toponym also included New Spain, a former name for Mexico.
● ex “Colcuicuiltu” of Hernandez 1651, and “Caille de la Louisiane” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Colinus virginianus).
● ex “Hoitlalotl” of Hernandez 1651, and de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Courier Pheasant” of Latham 1783 (?syn. Geococcyx velox).
● Erroneous TL. New Spain (= Cayenne); ex “Troupiale brun de la Nouvelle Espagne” (= ☼) of Brisson 1760 (Gymnomystax).
● ex “Comaltecatl” of Hernandez 1651, and “Échasse du Méxique” of Brisson 1760 (subsp. Himantopus himantopus).
● Erroneous TL. Mexico (= Jamaica) (syn. Icterus leucopteryx).
● ex “Merula mexicana” of Seba 1734-1765, “Galgulus mexicanus” of Brisson 1760, “Roller du Mexique” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Mexican Roller” of Latham 1781 (?syn. Laniocera or Lipaugus sp.).
● Erroneous TL. New Spain (= Cayenne); ex “Faisan huppé de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 337, “Crested Pheasant” of Latham 1783, Phasianus cristatus J. Gmelin, 1789, and “Penelôpe hoatzin du Méxique” of Temminck 1807 (syn. Opisthocomus hoazin).
● ex “Acacalotl” of Hernandez 1651, “Acalotl” of Willughby 1676, and Ray 1713, “Numenius mexicanus varius” of Brisson 1760, “Acalot” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Mexican Ibis” of Latham 1785 (?syn. Plegadis falcinellus).
● ex “Hocitzanatl” of Hernandez 1651, and Ray, 1711, “Pica Mexicana major” of Brisson 1760, “Hocisana” of de Buffon 1770-1783, “Criard” of Pernety 1771, and “Mexican Crow” of Latham 1781 (Quiscalus).
● ex “Tecolotl” of Ray 1713, “Asio mexicanus” of Brisson, and “Mexican Eared Owl” of Latham 1781 (syn. Rhinoptynx clamator).
● ex “Yacapatlahoac” of Hernandez 1651, “Anas clypeata mexicana” or “Souchet du Méxique” of Brisson 1760, and “Mexican Shoveler” of Latham 1785 (syn. Spatula clypeata).
● Erroneous TL. Mexico (= Puerto Rico) (Todus).
● ex “Avis Cocho Psittaci mexicani species” of Seba 1734, and “Psittaca mexicana lutea” of Brisson 1760 (unident.).
● ex “Avis de cocho, psittaci species mexicana vario colore” of Seba 1734, “Psittacula mexicana cristata” of Brisson 1760, and “Crested Mexican Parrakeet” of Latham 1781 (unident.).
● ex “Caxcaxtototl” of Ray 1713, “Cotinga mexicana” of Brisson 1760, “Cacastol” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Mexican Stare” of Latham 1783 (unident.).